{"id":76,"date":"2023-03-19T14:54:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T13:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cancerkb.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=76"},"modified":"2023-03-19T14:54:11","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T13:54:11","slug":"ectoderm","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/encyclopedia\/ectoderm\/","title":{"rendered":"Ectoderm"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n<div id=\"siteNotice\">\n<div id=\"centralNotice\" class=\"cn-WikiLovesFolklore2023International\">\n<div id=\"wll2021\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"wll-cta\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"cn-toggle-box\" class=\"wll-close\"><a title=\"Hide\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm#\"> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/foundation\/2\/20\/CloseWindow19x19.png\" alt=\"Hide\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<nav id=\"mw-panel-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\">\n<div id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\" data-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\" data-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\">\n<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<ul>\n<li id=\"toc-mw-content-text\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-level-1-active vector-toc-list-item-active\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-History\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">History<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-History-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-Differentiation\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Differentiation<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-Differentiation\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<ul id=\"toc-Differentiation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n<li id=\"toc-Initial_appearance\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Initial appearance<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Initial_appearance-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-Early_development\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Early development<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Early_development-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n<li id=\"toc-Gastrulation\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Gastrulation<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Gastrulation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-Later_development\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Later development<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Later_development-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n<li id=\"toc-Neurulation\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Neurulation<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Neurulation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-Organogenesis\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Organogenesis<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Organogenesis-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-Clinical_significance\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Clinical significance<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<nav id=\"mw-panel-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\">\n<div id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n<div id=\"vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n<ul id=\"mw-panel-toc-list\" class=\"vector-toc-contents\">\n<li id=\"toc-Clinical_significance\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<ul id=\"toc-Clinical_significance-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n<li id=\"toc-Ectodermal_dysplasia\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">Ectodermal dysplasia<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-Ectodermal_dysplasia-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-See_also\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">See also<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-See_also-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"toc-References\" class=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">References<\/div>\n<ul id=\"toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\"><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<div class=\"mw-content-container\"><main id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading mw-first-heading\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Ectoderm<\/span><\/h1>\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"><input id=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-menu-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/p><\/main><\/div>\n<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar\">\n<div id=\"p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar\">\n<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n<div id=\"left-navigation\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\n<div id=\"p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\">\n<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n<li id=\"ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a accesskey=\"c\" class=\"\" title=\"View the content page [&#8963;&#8997;c]\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm\" data-mw=\"interface\">Article<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ca-talk\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a accesskey=\"t\" class=\"\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [&#8963;&#8997;t]\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Ectoderm\" rel=\"discussion\" data-mw=\"interface\">Talk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Views\">\n<div id=\"p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\">\n<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n<li id=\"ca-view\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm\" data-mw=\"interface\">Read<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ca-edit\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a accesskey=\"e\" class=\"\" title=\"Edit this page [&#8963;&#8997;e]\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ectoderm&amp;action=edit\" data-mw=\"interface\">Edit<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"ca-history\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a accesskey=\"h\" class=\"\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [&#8963;&#8997;h]\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ectoderm&amp;action=history\" data-mw=\"interface\">View history<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"More options\"><\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container=\"\">\n<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n<div class=\"mw-indicators\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"siteSub\" class=\"noprint\">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentSub\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-subtitle\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content mw-content-ltr\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<table class=\"infobox\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"infobox-above\" colspan=\"2\">Ectoderm<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"infobox-image\" colspan=\"2\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ectoderm.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Ectoderm.png\/250px-Ectoderm.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1d\/Ectoderm.png 1.5x\" alt=\"Ectoderm.png\" width=\"250\" height=\"161\" data-file-width=\"274\" data-file-height=\"176\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"infobox-caption\">Organs derived from ectoderm.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"infobox-image\" colspan=\"2\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gray11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Gray11.png\/250px-Gray11.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Gray11.png\/375px-Gray11.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/68\/Gray11.png 2x\" alt=\"Gray11.png\" width=\"250\" height=\"89\" data-file-width=\"500\" data-file-height=\"178\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"infobox-caption\">Section through embryonic disk of <i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vespertilio murinus\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vespertilio_murinus\">Vespertilio murinus<\/a><\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"infobox-header\" colspan=\"2\">Details<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\">Days<\/th>\n<td class=\"infobox-data\">16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"infobox-header\" colspan=\"2\">Identifiers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"><a title=\"Medical Subject Headings\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_Subject_Headings\">MeSH<\/a><\/th>\n<td class=\"infobox-data\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/meshb.nlm.nih.gov\/record\/ui?ui=D004475\" rel=\"nofollow\">D004475<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"infobox-label\" scope=\"row\"><a title=\"Foundational Model of Anatomy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy\">FMA<\/a><\/th>\n<td class=\"infobox-data\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bioportal.bioontology.org\/ontologies\/FMA\/?p=classes&amp;conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma69070\" rel=\"nofollow\">69070<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"infobox-below\" colspan=\"2\"><a title=\"Anatomical terminology\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anatomical_terminology\">Anatomical terminology<\/a>\n<div><small class=\"noprint\">[<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"d:Q272474\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q272474\">edit on Wikidata<\/a>]<\/small><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The <b>ectoderm<\/b> is one of the three primary <a title=\"Germ layer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germ_layer\">germ layers<\/a> formed in early <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Embryonic development\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryonic_development\">embryonic development<\/a>. It is the outermost layer, and is superficial to the <a title=\"Mesoderm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mesoderm\">mesoderm<\/a> (the middle layer) and <a title=\"Endoderm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endoderm\">endoderm<\/a> (the innermost layer).<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> It emerges and originates from the outer layer of germ cells. The word ectoderm comes from the <a title=\"Greek language\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_language\">Greek<\/a> <i>ektos<\/i> meaning &ldquo;outside&rdquo;, and <i>derma<\/i> meaning &ldquo;skin&rdquo;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-GilbertScott_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm#cite_note-GilbertScott-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Epithelial tissue\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epithelial_tissue\">epithelial<\/a> and <a title=\"Nervous system\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nervous_system\">neural tissues<\/a> (<a title=\"Spinal cord\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spinal_cord\">spinal cord<\/a>, <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Peripheral nerve\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peripheral_nerve\">peripheral nerves<\/a> and <a title=\"Brain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brain\">brain<\/a>). This includes the <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Epidermis (skin)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epidermis_(skin)\">skin<\/a>, linings of the mouth, anus, nostrils, sweat glands, hair and nails,<sup id=\"cite_ref-SEER_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm#cite_note-SEER-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> and <a title=\"Tooth enamel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tooth_enamel\">tooth enamel<\/a>. Other types of epithelium are derived from the <a href=\"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/encyclopedia\/endoderm\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"\" class=\"encyclopedia\">endoderm<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-SEER_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm#cite_note-SEER-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In <a title=\"Vertebrate\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vertebrate\">vertebrate<\/a> embryos, the ectoderm can be divided into two parts: the dorsal <a title=\"Surface ectoderm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surface_ectoderm\">surface ectoderm<\/a> also known as the external ectoderm, and the <a title=\"Neural plate\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neural_plate\">neural plate<\/a>, which invaginates to form the <a title=\"Neural tube\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neural_tube\">neural tube<\/a> and <a title=\"Neural crest\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neural_crest\">neural crest<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectoderm#cite_note-:0-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> The surface ectoderm gives rise to most epithelial tissues, and the neural plate gives rise to most <a title=\"Nervous system\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nervous_system\">neural tissues<\/a>. For this reason, the neural plate and neural crest are also referred to as the <a title=\"Neuroectoderm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neuroectoderm\">neuroectoderm<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contents (Top) History Differentiation Initial appearance Early development Gastrulation Later development Neurulation Organogenesis Clinical significance Ectodermal dysplasia See also References Ectoderm Article Talk Read Edit View history From Wikipedia, the <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/encyclopedia\/ectoderm\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-76","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/76","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77,"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/76\/revisions\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cancerkb.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}